Terms of Use | Syarat Penggunaan

English

Please read these Terms of Use carefully before you start to use our website and the services provided, as they apply to your use of our website. We recommend that you print a copy of this for future reference. By using our website, you confirm that you accept these Terms of Use and that you agree to comply with them. If you do not agree to Terms of Use, you must not use our website. The following terms and conditions constitute an agreement (the “Agreement”) between you (“user” ,“you”, “your”) and *************, the website  www.******.com, (the “Website”, “Site”, “we”, “us”, “our”) and contain the complete terms and conditions that apply to your use of the Website. By using Website, you acknowledge and agree to this user Agreement.

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Indonesian

Harap Anda cermati Syarat Penggunaan ini sebelum Anda mulai menggunakan situs web dan layanan yang kami sediakan karena Syarat Penggunaan ini berlaku para pengguna situs web kami, termasuk Anda. Anda disarankan mencetak salinan Syarat Penggunaan ini untuk rujukan pada masa datang. Dengan menggunakan situs web kami, Anda menegaskan bahwa Anda menerima Syarat Penggunaan ini dan sepakat untuk mematuhinya. Jangan menggunakan situs web kami apabila Anda tidak setuju dengan Syarat Penggunaan ini. Syarat dan ketentuan berikut ini merupakan kesepakatan (selanjutnya disebut “Kesepakatan”) antara Anda (selanjutnya disebut “Pengguna” ,”Anda”, “milik Anda”) dan *******, situs web  www.******.com, (selanjutnya disebut “Situs Web”, “Situs”, “kami”, “milik kami”) dan berisi syarat dan ketentuan lengkap yang berlaku untuk penggunaan Situs Web tersebut oleh Anda. Dengan menggunakan Situs Web ini, Anda mengakui dan menyetujui Kesepakatan Pengguna ini.

Hepatitis B vaccination | Vaksinasi hepatitis B

English

Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure taken to prevent HBV infection and its consequences. Since they were first issued in 1982, recommendations for hepatitis B vaccination have evolved into a comprehensive strategy for eliminating HBV transmission in the United States. A primary focus of this strategy is universal vaccination of infants to prevent early childhood HBV infection and to eventually protect adolescents and adults from infection. Other components include routine screening of all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and post-exposure immunoprophylaxis of infants born to HBsAg-positive women, vaccination of children and adolescents who were not previously vaccinated, and vaccination of unvaccinated adults who are at increased risk for infection.

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Indonesian

Vaksinasi hepatitis B adalah tindakan yang paling efektif untuk mencegah infeksi HBV beserta dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Rekomendasi vaksinasi hepatitis B telah berkembang menjadi strategi yang komprehensif guna mengatasi transmisi HBV di Amerika Serikat sejak pertama diluncurkan pada tahun 1982. Fokus utama strategi tersebut adalah memberi vaksinasi pada semua bayi untuk mencegah infeksi HBV pada anak usia dini serta melindungi remaja dan dewasa agar terhindar dari infeksi virus ini. Komponen-komponen lain strategi tersebut meliputi pemeriksaan rutin HbsAg pada semua ibu hamil dan imunoprofilaksis pascapaparan pada bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu HbsAg  positif, vaksinasi anak-anak dan remaja yang sebelumnya tidak divaksinasi, dan vaksinasi pada orang dewasa yang berisiko terkena infeksi dan yang belum pernah divaksinasi.

4 types of client by payment

Below I summarize 4 types of client based on my personal experience as a freelance translator since 1996.

A. Prepaid-payment client

Characteristics:

1. Rich, either individuals or establishments
2. Makes full payment in advance
3. Money never become a problem.
4. He or she likes to give you “crazy” deadlines that will make you work for 48 hours straight without sleep. However, because of good payment in advance and always in advance, it’s not a big problem for you to delay your sleep and meet that “crazy” expectation.
5. It is not rare that he or she says “Money is not a problem as long as your work is comparable.” A lovable client, right?

Translators eagerly provide the best service with his or her highest motivation for this type of client. Does motivation influence service performance? Absolutely, yes. To be honest, I do my best in order to get this type of client.

B. Half-prepaid-payment client

Characteristics:

1. Not so rich
2. Makes 50% payment in advance and the rest in the deadline date before delivery
3. Good client

Translators will be happily provides the best service with his or her highest motivation for this type of client. Does motivation influence service performance? Yes.

C. Postpaid-payment client

Characteristics:

1. Middle-class
2. Makes payment after completion before delivery
3. Sufficient client

This type of client is sufficient for survive. Sufficient motivation is sufficient to produce a favorably acceptable product, which still belongs to good category. Does motivation influence service performance?

D. Delayed-payment client

Characteristics:

1. Poor client, which has no money or budget to pay you. That’s why he or she waits until your translation product resulting in money to pay you. In other word, his or her financial budget creates….
2. Delayed payment.
3. The worst thing about this last type of client is that he or she wants to get number 1 service (as reserved to the first type of client) without a comparable reward. Working to this client makes you feel as if you are a slave. It feels so heavy even only to move your finger to turn your computer on.
4. Not-so-good client. If you have better options, I bet, you will leave this type of client to your peer translator, who is available.

This type of client is sufficient for survive. Tight motivation, resulting from tight and delayed payment, is sufficient to produce low but acceptable product.

 

Which one do you love the most among them?

I bet you that all translators point to the first type of client as the best.

The first strongly encouraging testimonial in 2016

I contacted my customer, Dr. Ai, an hour ago to remind her about free 1-month post-delivery service. I asked her if she needed it. I also encouraged her to complaint if she noticed oddities or mistakes in my translation work. She answered that she did not need the service because my translations were very good. Judging from her nuance, she was happy with my translations. Her happiness was my happiness. I gave her my thanks and asked if she allowed me to put her assessment in my blog. She agreed. Then, I put it on testimonials page and side widget.

 

It is the first strongly encouraging testimonial in 2016.

Hopefully, more new customers will come and be happy with my service in this year.

Conversational Indonesian

Conversational Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) that is used on a daily basis by Indonesians is very different than what foreigners may learn in a formal course. A reason for this phenomenon is that approximately 1,000 ethnic and sub-ethnic languages and dialects influenced their respective ethnic members in speaking conversational Bahasa Indonesia. When Indonesians write, they likely use this interfered conversational version instead of standard and formal version. It is a reason why foreign translators meet hard situation when they translate from Indonesian to foreign language(s).

Perlu terjemahan sewajarnya ke penerjemah

Orang perlu sehat, sewajarnya pergi ke dokter.

Orang perlu obat, sewajarnya pergi ke apoteker.

Orang perlu terjemahan, sewajarnya pergi ke penerjemah.

Instant translation service plan

Instant translation service is different from regular translation service in that you do not need to wait for a day or days to receive the result.

Feature:

1. Instant result
2. Also applicable for another language services (proofreading, paraphrase, etc)
3. Hourly language consultation

If you choose this plan, you need to meet following requirement.

Requirement:

1. Source in chatting application format
2. Appointment-based service
3. Clear identity. By using this service you are agree that your identity will be published in “The Cheaters” page if you don’t pay.
4. Post-paid service is only for long and loyal customer (at least 1-year loyal customer with previous 3 regular projects
5. Real-time chatting

Rate:

• Negotiable.
• Hourly.
• Instant service implies instant payment

5.Discussion – The effect of different pillow heights on direct laryngoscopic views: A prospective randomised controlled study

This study shows that the ‘sniff’ position produced by the 4.5-cm pillow provided the best laryngoscopic view. This finding is contrary to those by Adnet and colleagues [5] and [6], who found that the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal axes in eight healthy unanaesthetised volunteers were not aligned with the ‘sniff’ position (with 7-cm headrest). Another study by Schmitt and Mang suggests that head and neck elevation beyond the ‘sniff’ position may improve laryngoscopic view [5] and [16]. This discrepancy may be caused primarily by application of the laryngoscopy. With the Macintosh curved blade, the hyoid was drawn forward and its body tilted downward during laryngoscopy and intubation [17]. Therefore, the use of laryngoscopy may produce a change of the anatomic axes [6]. Moreover, our findings are contrary to those by Adnet and colleagues that the laryngoscopic views were similar in the ‘sniff’ position and simple head extension [5]. It is assumed that increasing pillow height may improve the laryngoscopic view by increasing the occipitoatlantoaxial angle and enlarging the submandibular space [18]. A radiologic study showed that the ‘sniff’ position provides greater occipitoatlantoaxial extension angle than simple extension of the head and that flexion of the lower cervical spine is needed for maximum extension of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex [19]. Moreover, the ‘sniff’ position increases the submandibular space and facilitates vertical alignment of the mandible, tongue base and the larynx [19]. The laryngoscopic view with the 4.5-cm pillow was significantly superior to that of the view without pillow. The additional flexion achieved with the 4.5-cm pillow may support posterior movement of the larynx during laryngoscopy; thus, an angle between line of vision and laryngeal axis may be decreased and occipitoatlantoaxial extension angle may be increased. We tried to align the angle of the rigid endoscope parallel with the axis of the line of vision during direct laryngoscopy, so that the images on the monitor, which were used for grading, were the same as the direct laryngoscopic view. Levitan and colleagues [20] used an Airway Cam deviceTM to attain POGO score. In our study, we used Telecam DX pal to attain POGO score. However, endoscopic views are also believed to reflect views obtained under direct laryngoscopy because the 0° rigid endoscope had a view perpendicular to the line of vision and captured the best view while the laryngeal view was imaged continuously on a monitor [7].

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the ‘sniff’ position using a 4.5-cm pillow provides the best laryngoscopic views when compared with other pillows and that without a pillow. It is recommended to use a 4.5-cm pillow during direct laryngoscopy in the ‘sniff’ position for obtaining the best view. In future studies, it may be worthwhile to explore in other populations, whether similar conclusion is reached regarding optimal pillow height for the best laryngoscopic view.

 

Considerations for the Future

In past studies, evaluation of intestinal microbiota in the neonate has been conducted using cultured-based techniques. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, a much better understanding of the composition, function, and effects of medical interventions in the intestinal microbiota is being developed. Analysis of entire microbial population sequences also allows for evaluation of the functional characteristics of the microbial population through functional metagenomics. Despite the progress made in the care of sick preterm babies, more studies are needed to understand the effects of therapeutic interventions on the intestinal microbiota. Precautions to minimize negative alterations in the intestinal microbiota with current medical practices (e.g., antibiotics) and the use of bioactive agents such as probiotics and prebiotics are warranted in the neonate.

Probiotics

Since Metchnikov suggested the use of live microorganisms to modify gut flora and promote health, it has been recognized that microbial components of certain foods may indeed promote health. Prospective randomized trials have evaluated the effects of different probiotics on the prevention of NEC.^41-44 Recently a multicenter trial of probiotics suggested a beneficial preventive effect against NEC, yet with no decrease in NEC-related mortality. However, there was a trend for a higher incidence of sepsis in infants receiving probiotics,⁴² especially in those with a birthweight of less than 750 g, thus warranting caution, despite recent recommendations for the routine use of probiotics based on a meta-analysis of the current data.⁴³ Furthermore, probiotic products in the United States have not been subjected to rigorous manufacturing quality control or U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. Despite encouraging data of beneficial effects of some probiotics, more studies are needed to determine which probiotic is appropriate for a given disease or neonatal population. We also need to attain a better understand of their mechanism of action to determine the appropriate dose and safety (both short and long term) in the neonate.⁴⁴